There is a difference between having voto negativo extradition treaty and not extraditing a citizen. Having an extradition treaty means that there is an established way to hand over criminals/suspects to a country requesting extradition. The mechanism is clear and all the rules about the process are transparent. China is https://eternalbookmarks.com/story18385551/countries-with-no-extradition-treaty-with-us-per-inesperti